EFZs were selected to sustain five national ES: biodiversity conservation, water resources conservation, flood mitigation, soil conservation, and sandstorm prevention 27. The policy instrument is establishing key ecological function zones (EFZs) using ecological redline areas (ERAs) 26. ![]() ERP seeks to sustain critical ES for social welfare using coordinated planning at a national scale. China is the first major economy to formulate a national policy, mandating governments to establish ES assessments in land use planning known as the Ecological Redline Policy (ERP) 22, 23.Ĭhina is experiencing an environmental crisis, and President Xi realizes China must transform its development approach from “grow first, clean up later” to the “ecological civilization” where development respects ecological carrying capacities 24, 25. However, a unique opportunity is emerging in China where municipalities want ES information to meet sustainability goals. There are no published examples of a municipality implementing spatial plans based on ES assessment. 20 show ES assessments are only being used as a supporting concept in urban planning. ![]() Many researchers suggest scientists focus their work on municipalities to develop the required case studies for ES standards since cities are critical administrative units for land use planning 6, 20, 21. One institutional obstacle is the lack of ES standards (i.e., assessment protocols and targets) 19. 6 state the research priority is developing transdisciplinary case studies of application to advance ES tools and methods for real-world planning. A number of these studies use the Integrated Valuation of Ecosystem Services and Tradeoffs models (InVEST) to assess ES, but few demonstrate an application by decision-makers for determiningland use planning targets 8, 18. Scientists have conducted regional ES assessments for spatial planning in Pampas (Argentina) 12, Hawaii (USA) 13, Boredeux (France) 14, Vancouver Island (Canada) 15, Tampere (Finland) 16, and coastal areas in Belize 17. National ES assessments have been conducted in China 9, United Kingdom 10, and Mexico 11. A major challenge is developing capacities on ES assessments for spatial planning, which is difficult because ES requires new interdisciplinary methodologies to assess multiple environmental and social concerns 4.ĭespite increasing political interest in ES, the use of ES information remains quite limited 5, 6, 7, 8. To promote wise decision-making, policymakers need information from scientists about how different land use decisions may affect the condition of ecosystems and the flow of ES 3. Our analysis suggests that strategic planning for ES could reduce tradeoffs between environmental quality and development.Įcosystem services (ES) assessments offer a means of practicing integrated approaches to address the serious policy challenge of incorporating environmental issues into development decisions 1, 2. The inclusion of ES in spatial planning led stakeholders to increase terrestrial habitat protection by 174% in Shanghai. ![]() Compared to alternative land uses, ES increase significantly under the ERP. We examine ERP effectiveness by comparing land use scenarios for 2040. We determine the five criteria to identify ERAs for Shanghai using multi-temporal, high resolution images (0.5 m) and biophysical models. We propose a transdisciplinary framework to determine ecological redline areas (ERAs) in Shanghai using: ES, biodiversity and ecologically fragile hotspots, landscape structure, and stakeholder opinions. China’s Ecological Redline Policy (ERP) is one of the first national policies utilizing multiple ES, but there is no standardized approach for working across the science–policy interface. However, there is an absence of science–policy frameworks in land use planning that lead to the ES science being used in policy. Ecosystems services (ES) assessment is a significant scientific topic recognized for its potential to address sustainability issues.
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